Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: ecological and evolutionary perspectives.

IJEE Soapbox: Prince kroPotkin meets the hutchinsonian niche

E-mail: [email protected] The IJEE Soapbox provides an informal forum for leading ecologists and evolutionary biologists to expound on issues that they find particularly exciting, thought provoking, and novel. Robert D. Holt is our first invited IJEE Soapbox essayist. Bob is Professor of Biology and Arthur R. Marshall, Jr., Chair in Ecology at the University of Florida, and is one of the forem...

Ecological Niche Modeling of Mountain Vipers from the Raddei Clade in Iran, Caucasus and Eastern Turkey

Mountain vipers of the genus Montivipera, generally, and the species of the Raddei clade, specifically, are interesting examples of species neo-endemism in Iran, Anatolia, and the Caucasus. Given the critical conservation status of these species, it is necessary to identify their suitable habitats for prioritizing conservation measures. We modeled ecological niche of each species based on four ...

Ecological Issues and Sustainable Development Perspectives of Russia at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Crypto Currencies and the Blockchain Technology: An Evolutionary Review of Money and the Payment Systems

In this paper we utilize the main findings from the recent literature to set the economic foundation for the existence of money, its modern interpretation as “memory” (Chokerlakota 1998) and how the Blockchain technology has empowered crypto currencies to perform this role in the information age.  To locate the issue in a historical perspective and in line with this strand of thought, we consid...

A Security Effective Structure for National Defense in the 21st Century

In accordance with human necessities and deep attention into security, research studies have today became an irrefutable necessity in this area. It is noted that traditional concepts of this important issue have changed, as a result of occurring various events in the past, particularly in the 20th century; so that security is no more limited to protecting human beings against individual and col...